Should Nikon Z9 shooters avoid ISO 400?

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This Claff Photographic Dynamic range Improvement chart shows more clearly the dual gain switch points for the D850 and Z9. The D5 is not dual gain but becomes more or less ISO invariant at ISO 2546. The Z9 dual gain sensor is nearly perfectly ISO invariant from ISO 63 to 400, and again from 400 to max. The D850 is pretty much ISO invariant from ISO 400 and beyond but shows a staggard pattern from base to ISO 400.

If you are using manual exposure with the Z9 you can meter for an ISO 400 ETTR exposure, use this f/stop and shutter speed, and then set the camera ISO to 64 and brighten in post. In both cases the esposure in lux/seconds is the same. This gives 3 extra stops of highlight headroom. The same strategy applies for ISOs above 400, but it is not advisable to brighten more than 3 stops in post. See Jim Kasson for details on how to do this with the D850. For the Z9, the strategy is simpler since the Z9 is ISO invariant between ISO 64 and 400 and Jim's intermediate steps for ISOs between 64 and 400 are not necessary.

Bill

What strategy would you use for the R5, if you wouldn't mind? Links below:



 
Here is some worthwhile background reading.


 
Been shooting at the dual gain ISO value or higher since my D500 days.
All the cameras I've owned since then (D850, A9, A9II, A7RIV, R5, Z9 and A1) have all had a dual gain sensor with pretty much ISO invariance from there on up. Since I'm usually always in need of more shutter speed I rarely drop my ISO low enough to get to the values (Usually ISO 100-200 but depends on the camera) where it makes sense to drop ISO below the dual gain value.

+This. On my a9 I usually stick to ISO 640 which is the first after in the second gain. It is better than 300-500 ISO. And ISO 640 equalls to 2-3 times faster shutter (1-1,5EV) which gives a peace of mind in terms of sharpness.
 
I think the possible downsides is that the pic might look underexposed in review, and also I might overlook that I have enough light to shoot at or near base, which would be better still.
 

I find the R5 charts difficult to interpret. The camera uses noise reduction at low ISOs. Normally, the SNR at low ISOs is good enough that noise reduction is not needed. I don't know what algorithm Canon is using, but NR usually imposes some degradation of sharpness. However, Topaz Denoise often works well in reducing noise while maintaining sharpness.

Comparison of PDR Shadow improvement results for the R5 and Z9 are interesting


At lower ISOs, the R5 uses NR as indicated by the triangle down markers. At ISO 318 shadow improvement is negative at about 2/3 EV, which is not what we want. At ISO 400 with the R5 we get 2/3 EV improvement, but this value is confounded by the NR. At ISOs 800 and above and without NR there is about 1/3 EV of improvement, and this remains constant throughout higher ISOs and the curve is ISO invariant thereafter. At ISOs above 800 you can get highlight protection with manual exposure by using the previously discussed strategy proposed by Jim Kasson for the D850.

With the Z9, Kasson's strategy is straight forward to implement.

I hope this helps and would be interested in how others view this exercise.

Bill
 
I find the R5 charts difficult to interpret. The camera uses noise reduction at low ISOs. Normally, the SNR at low ISOs is good enough that noise reduction is not needed. I don't know what algorithm Canon is using, but NR usually imposes some degradation of sharpness. However, Topaz Denoise often works well in reducing noise while maintaining sharpness.

Comparison of PDR Shadow improvement results for the R5 and Z9 are interesting


At lower ISOs, the R5 uses NR as indicated by the triangle down markers. At ISO 318 shadow improvement is negative at about 2/3 EV, which is not what we want. At ISO 400 with the R5 we get 2/3 EV improvement, but this value is confounded by the NR. At ISOs 800 and above and without NR there is about 1/3 EV of improvement, and this remains constant throughout higher ISOs and the curve is ISO invariant thereafter. At ISOs above 800 you can get highlight protection with manual exposure by using the previously discussed strategy proposed by Jim Kasson for the D850.

With the Z9, Kasson's strategy is straight forward to implement.

I hope this helps and would be interested in how others view this exercise.

Bill

So to paraphrase Jim but for R5. Set aperture for dof and shutter speed for motion. If iso falls 100, 200, 300 use 100, if 400 use 400, if 800 or above use 800. Sound right?
 
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From the DPReview of the Canon R5:

Canon EOS R5 review: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

"When using the fully mechanical or electronic first-curtain shutters, the R5's performance is quite good. It's also the first Canon sensor we've encountered that uses a dual-gain design that kicks in at ISO 400, which helps explain that the ISO 400 and ISO 6400 shots are essentially the same.

Why does this matter? Because it tells us how well-designed the sensor is, and this performance can then be exploited. For instance, in low light situations, you can use the shutter speed and aperture settings of a high ISO exposure, but keep the camera set to ISO 400. By the time you brighten up the shot in post, the image won't be noticeably noisier than if you shot natively at a higher ISO, but you've saved several stops of highlight information. This is great for keeping, say, neon lights from clipping to white in a street photo at night."


This clears up matters on the use of ISO invariance for highlight protection. They do not mention the use of noise reduction at ISOs begining at 400 through 636 and lack of NR at ISO 800 and above. Jim Kasson recommends no more than 3 EV brightening in post.

Bill
 
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