I don't think a sample set of prints is a good idea for someone new to printing their own work. There are still variables - each image needs to be optimized when editing for the paper selected. You would not want to print an image edited for a glossy or luster paper on a matte paper. This is a much better value for someone who prints on a a specific set of papers for a specific look and wants consulting help with the alternatives. While you can use a profile and render an image ready to print on a specific paper, you still need to edit it with the look appropriate for that paper.
For example, you would not want to print on a paper known for great detail in shadows unless your image had good shadow detail and your edit also emphasized those shadows. A tight grain paper such as a baryta is fine, but I'd want to evaluate it using a B&W image that could take advantage of the paper or a color image that had detail that would be helped with a fine texture.
Said another way, look at some images in a museum or gallery, and pay attention to the paper that was used, why it does or does not work for the image, and how that could translate into your work.
In looking at papers, consider the value of the work and the price point it should carry. If you are printing 4x6 and 5x7 images on a small printer, you want a relatively inexpensive paper - probably in sheets that match well to the image size you want. If you are printing fine art images in large sizes, you want a much more robust paper and the more expensive papers would be viable. For perspective, an 8.5x11 sheet costs anywhere from 60 cents for Epson Ultra Premium Luster to $1.30 or more for Hahnemuhle Photo Pearl or $1.55 per sheet for Canson Infinity Baryta.