Thanks for the tips everyone. I'm already familiar with the adobe links and Lightroom Queen, but none of them really get the the gist of what I'm asking. And I've got my workflow such that I'm able to print fairly close to what I see (monitor wise). I was really asking if there was a resource that I could go to which would explain what exactly each option was doing inside of the program.
Some examples. Print settings are "primarily" found in two areas. I say primarily because there are other settings in obscure places which can also alter color management of a print.
The first area is in the Print Module>Print Job. All this code is written by Adobe, I'm guessing. The following are what I think Adobe is doing under these options but I really have no real knowledge, as I don't have any inside contacts.
Print to: (Printer/JPG) Where you wish to send the output.
Draft Mode Printing: (Check and it turns off all color transformation settings, speeds up printer to fastest print speed)
Print Resolution: Check here and it allows you to enter into the box the dpi of the resolution you wish to print with. A note from Epson's web site (I print with an Epson P800) that this number should be an exact multiple of you printer resolution. My P800 prints at a maximum resolution of 1440. So if my image dpi can support it, I should set this value at one of the following choices (1440, 720, 480, 360, 288) to get the best images, without math errors (according to Epson). You can see if your image can support is by choosing Print>Guides and selecting Dimensions. It will show up as a little box of information along the top of your image, but actually doesn't print with the image. To see the box you must uncheck the Print Resolution and you will see the dpi show up. Then you would check the Print Resolution and enter a multiple <= to your actual.
Print Sharpening: (Low/Standard/High) Your choice but doesn't effect how your image appears on the screen. Only adds additional sharpening in the output file. Question: when printing to a jpg files, does the extra sharpening apply? I should hope not as I would only typically wish it to apply to a printed output. Unclear. It is also unclear how much extra sharpening Low, Standard & High does the program boost.
Media Type (Matte/Glossy) I'm guessing the Matte gets an extra boost in sharping over Glossy. That would make the most sense.
Color Management
Profile: (Managed by Printer/ Printer ICC profiles) This makes little sense to me. The first option "Manage by Printer" seems to say "Let the printer choose your paper option." But in the Page Setup menus, you have an opportunity to select the exact same ICC profile that is presented to you. But if you select an ICC profile here, and the same ICC profile in the Page Setup menu, you will have a small color shift than if you picked "Manage by Printer", with the ICC profile selected in the Page Setup menu. My experience is that you should choose the same ICC profiles in both places for the best color balanced print. A little further along you have the option of selecting "Other" in choosing the ICC profile. In the dialog box which opens you have an option box to "Include Display Profiles". Huh? Why would you ever want to use a Display Profile at this section? What possible reason in printing would call for these options? Or might you want to use these for a jpg file output instead of paper ICC profiles? Unclear.
Intent: (Perceptual/Relative) I typically choose Relative but it will depend on the actual image and how many colors are out of gamut. Perceptual can induce slight color shifts IMO. Again, it depends on the image and which colors are out of gamut.
Print Adjustment: (Brightness/Contrast sliders) I don't understand why you would use these adjustment at this point in the printing process. Maybe if you were printing on poor quality paper e.g. newsprint, or crummy matte paper, when the black ink soaked into the paper and dulled the image quite a bit, it might be a use to boost brightness and increase contrast at this point in the process. Other than that I can't think of a reason.
I haven't even gotten into the Page Setup menus yet. My understanding is that this code is written by the printer manufactures. But there are several options available which typically aren't explained or poorly explained by them.
This reply is much more than I intended but I got into it and well, here we are. Anybody who can shed light on my questions, I'm happy to receive answers.