"In general" is the operative phrase

As you probably remember I owned a 600 f/4E and it was one of the best lenses I ever used. I would say my copy of the Z100-400 with or without the 1.4 TC will hold up to large prints throughout the range on the Z6II or Z9 and I would say it is better all around than the best variable focal length lenses I owned in the past and I was lucky enough to have had some great copies.
However If you know the lens and your camera you can, and I did produce very large prints, with 150-600 and 60-600 lenses from Sigma and Tamron on a D850.
Albeit the vast majority of those were produced from the large end of the focal length range. My first large variable focal length lens was a Sigma 50-500 my copy had a sweet spot at 450 mm ... but that was in my D300s and D4s days.
Later on the D500 and D850 my copies of the Sigma 150-600 and 60-600 Sports would produce any size of print you wanted at 600mm ... if the camera and I did our part. The Sigma 60-600 was also great at 60 but it did have some focal lengths in between that it was not as good at.
My first Tamron 150-600 could not hold a candle to the Sigma Sports but my copy of the Tamron 150-600 G2 produced great prints and was every bit as good with IQ as either of the Sigmas but not quite as fast to focus as the 60-600.
My copy of the Nikon 200-500 was bad out of the box and it took Nikon 3 tries to get it fixed and it was still not better than the Sigma 150-600 Sport or the Tamron 150-600 G2 and that is why I sold it and kept the others. I always like to have 2 long lenses in case something happens with 1 but did not need 3 and even though I took some amazing shots with it in Africa the Nikon 200-500 went since it did not have that extra 100mm of the other 2.
The most "shocking" ... as in "it can not be that good throughout the focal length range" is the Tamron 18-400. I sold mine along with all my non Z mount lenses in the last couple of months ... except my nifty 50 and 500pf. My wife still has her 18-400 and it is her primary lens on her Z50. Macro to tight bird shots and some wide end landscapes thrown it can handle them all amazingly well. I get why a number of people have taken two 18-400's, one as a back up in case one got dropped out of a moving safari vehicle, as their only lens to Africa.