400/2.8E FL ED is definitelly a reference lens concerning the resolution (the image still has details when it is heavily cropped). Moreover it has a kind of crispiness no other lens has! No other of any brand, I mean.
The other qualities to consider are:
the bokeh (perfect by 400/2.8 but I am not so sure about 500/5.6 PF, for example ...)
the T-stop (light transmission)
the 3D-effect (only Voigtländer and Zeiss can compete with 400/2.3 FL. By the way many of Nikkors have 3D-effect but unfortunatelly I don't see it by Sony lenses... except the expensive primes)
the flare-resistance (shooting into the sun)
the overall rendition (colors, forms, transition from sharpness to unsharpness, brilliance, etc)
I thought, the legendary lens is like 105/2.5 ... with which the Afgan Girl was shoot... ;-)
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I am SO GLAD to read your post.
It is EXACTLY what I think.
I have seen thousands of wildlife images on Instagram taken by professionals on Sony telephoto primes and the images made from them seem flatter, when I compare similar images or when I compare similar images from the same photographers with Nikon/Canon glass. The transition from the subject in the foreground to the background is more sudden, sharper, & flatter!
I feel Nikon gives amazing 3d pop. A more gradual & natural transition. To my naked eyes, the 400 F2.8 is sharp & gives that 3d pop.
But when it comes to 500/600 primes, I feel Canons are better than Nikon. They give that nice 3d pop but are also sharper than Nikon equivalents.
I feel the new Z lenses are going to be more like Sony lenses. The 70-200 Z apparently is sharper & transition sharper too...not sure....
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