Thermal Optics for Wildlife Viewing

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I bought the cheap AGM one off of Amazon. Wanted to test the waters before spending anymore.
I went to a nest hole that American Kestrels used last year. The hole lit up strongly this morning. The kestrels wouldn't be nesting yet but they could be using it to roost. Or something even more exciting like Screech owl or Pygmy Owl could be using it.
I watched the hole for 20mins but nothing showed.
I was curious how long a hole would hold the heat signature after the bird had left in the morning? I couldn't figure out if there was still something in the hole or not?
The outside temperature was 0C or 32F. I figured the kestrel would have left by this time as it was 30 mins after sunrise but a nocturnal owl could be going to bed??

Yay! I was hoping you'd see this thread and get sucked in... hehe.

In my experience, the heat signature doesn't last more than 5 minutes. I've spent a lot of time with my thermals looking for and observing screech owls in their roosts. Once the bird flies off, the heat signature quickly diminishes.

I think in your situation it would make more sense that you were observing some sort of critter (owl, raccoon, squirrel) actually in the nesting cavity while you were there. Kestrels are very small anyways, and if one had left - I'd imagine the heat would be gone very quickly.

I’m not an expert, nor do I have any experience with those devices, just been browsing & researching after watching this very interesting thread.
This device seems like a nice piece , VERSION 2 of the Agm Taipan 15-384:

AGM Taipan V2 15-384
  • Upgraded sub-20mK NETD 12 micron thermal detector
  • 384×288 resolution
  • 50 Hz image frame rate
  • Advanced image processing
  • 1024×768 resolution OLED display

Around us $ 1000

It look like it’s the same device as the Hikmicro lynx 2.0 Lh15

Maybe @nmerc_photos and the other experts around here can give their inputs…

I haven't used the AGM 15-384 yet, but it's one I recommend to a lot of people. The AGM 10-256 was extremely impressive for the price, and I think the vast majority of people would benefit from the 384 spec of the 15-384. And the cost differential (relatively speaking) isn't that big.

The HIKMICRO Lynx LH15 gets a lot of love on the bird/mammal watching sites, so if it's similar (or the same), I think it'd be good.

Perhaps the next time I have an extra $1K I'll buy an AGM 15-384 just for testing purposes. Run it against the 10-256 and my XP28.

I had both and returned the TS004 mainly due to the FOV.

^This. FOV is king for all things wildlife, especially birding.

I was considering selling my XP28's to go to something newer, but after that week in the bog - it's unthinkable. The wide FOV thermals are far and few between, and they are so much better than their narrow FOV counterparts - at least for what I do.
 
For even more fun for those interested, I found a new rabbit hole!

Vehicle mounted thermal units.

After freezing in Sax Zim Bog with my head out the window at -20F and wind, I thought there had to be a better way. I was considering making a window mount and then mirroring the display from the monocular to an iPad in the vehicle. Upon further research, they make thermal units specifically to mount on your vehicle.

At first glance, not many of the big monocular/binocular/scope manufacturers overlap with the vehicle thermals for some reason. And the vehicle mounted thermals are wider FOV and much cheaper than their handheld counterparts. I imagine it might be because they are larger, and easier to pack more electronics into. but not enough research yet.

My expectation is that next year when I return to the bog, I will be nice and toasty inside the cabin, watching 1 or multiple thermal views from atop the vehicle.

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FWIW - I don't think the interchangeable lenses are as valuable as they appear on the surface. My XP28 can swap between a 28mm, 38mm, and 50mm. Even though I owned all 3 lenses - outside of testing I never used anything but the 28mm lens.

The pros of the Zeiss are obviously the much larger FOV. Pros of the Pulsar are that it's a Pulsar unit.

Most of the reviews I found were not favorable to the Zeiss, but I have a couple friends who are going to try them anyways. Once I get to test one, I can provide more feedback.

I just got back from a week in the Sax Zim Bog in Minnesota and was reminded how much FOV is key. We were finding owls like crazy at 35 - 65MPH using the XP28 that would've been undoubtedly missed with the naked eye or even with a narrow FOV thermal.
I read the same thing about the Zeiss, so I will probably stick with the Pulsar. I wish the FOV was bigger, but I guess I will make do with the narrower FOV. The Pulsar Telos XP 50 without the range finder is $ 3000.00 which is discounted $ 500.00. I will continue to research to see if I can find something that's similar quality with a wider FOV. The funny thing is, I'm from Duluth MN, which is like 40 minutes from Sax Zim Bog. I currently live in Minneapolis, but go up there frequently to visit family and bird park point, lol. Me really want a Thermal Monocular.
 
Anyone tried the FLIR Scout OTM or PTM? Can't say my review of the specs is thorough but they appear to have wide FOV. The latter unit says 32x24 degrees. If you get too wide does it make it harder to see smaller critters?

I can't see myself buying one that expensive. I'm hoping I could use a cheaper AGM model to find desert critters and maybe bighorns. Mostly Illegal here for hunting, understandably, but not for photography. Also perhaps use it for locating owls at night.
 
For even more fun for those interested, I found a new rabbit hole!

Vehicle mounted thermal units.

After freezing in Sax Zim Bog with my head out the window at -20F and wind, I thought there had to be a better way. I was considering making a window mount and then mirroring the display from the monocular to an iPad in the vehicle. Upon further research, they make thermal units specifically to mount on your vehicle.

At first glance, not many of the big monocular/binocular/scope manufacturers overlap with the vehicle thermals for some reason. And the vehicle mounted thermals are wider FOV and much cheaper than their handheld counterparts. I imagine it might be because they are larger, and easier to pack more electronics into. but not enough research yet.

My expectation is that next year when I return to the bog, I will be nice and toasty inside the cabin, watching 1 or multiple thermal views from atop the vehicle.

View attachment 107046

View attachment 107045

For even more fun for those interested, I found a new rabbit hole!

Vehicle mounted thermal units.

After freezing in Sax Zim Bog with my head out the window at -20F and wind, I thought there had to be a better way. I was considering making a window mount and then mirroring the display from the monocular to an iPad in the vehicle. Upon further research, they make thermal units specifically to mount on your vehicle.

At first glance, not many of the big monocular/binocular/scope manufacturers overlap with the vehicle thermals for some reason. And the vehicle mounted thermals are wider FOV and much cheaper than their handheld counterparts. I imagine it might be because they are larger, and easier to pack more electronics into. but not enough research yet.

My expectation is that next year when I return to the bog, I will be nice and toasty inside the cabin, watching 1 or multiple thermal views from atop the vehicle.

View attachment 107046

View attachment 107045
Please give more details on this unit.


I “made” something like this about 10 years ago using a FLIR Vue 19mm 640 camera inside a gutted remote control “Go-Light” housing.

I still use it for night time hunting activities. It’s also great for finding birds as others have shown here.


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I met someone who showed up with a set of Pulsar “Merger” thermal binoculars.


This was the most impressive thermal display I’ve ever seen. It was a huge display compared to what I’m used to looking through.

I’m used to looking through a single monocular or rifle scope and these binoculars were on a whole other level.

Would highly recommend these over a monocular.
 
The merger Binoculars would be appealing if the size and weight were within reason. Because now I'm carrying a large camera lens setup along with binoculars and thermal binoculars. I could probably make a monocular work, but another binocular, I don't know, lol.
 
The Pulsar LRF XP35 binocular looks very interesting to me with the wider FOV over the NXP50. Any thoughts on this from anyone. Does the 50 have more capability that would make you lean toward that version, and forgo the FOV.
 
The Pulsar LRF XP35 binocular looks very interesting to me with the wider FOV over the NXP50. Any thoughts on this from anyone. Does the 50 have more capability that would make you lean toward that version, and forgo the FOV.
I would probably suggest the additional field of view since you’re asking about it.

But only because this is a binocular and you’re using both eyes at the same time and the way that image merges together is like the difference between watching a movie in a planetarium versus watching it on your laptop. (that might be a slight exaggeration)

I couldn’t believe how immersive the image I was looking at was compared to what I was used to.

The binoculars we were using were the newest high definition version, and the image quality blew away any 640 that I’ve ever looked at.

If it were me personally, I would buy one with the higher resolution.

You’re really not going to miss much with 5° field of view. I don’t believe.
 
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The Pulsar LRF XP35 binocular looks very interesting to me with the wider FOV over the NXP50. Any thoughts on this from anyone. Does the 50 have more capability that would make you lean toward that version, and forgo the FOV.

FOV > everything pretty much. A thermal binocular (or monocular) is nearly useless if the FOV is too tight. It'll be effective if you happen to find something right in front of you, but you'll end up wasting a lot of time and effort scanning, and you still will probably miss things that you'd easily pickup with a wider FOV model.

The XP35 Binos look great on paper. I'd love to get a pair to try. I'm not sold on binos over monocular yet due to size and pricing.

While Wildfowler above says 5 degree FOV isn't much, I strongly disagree. It might help to think in terms of percentage. Most of the thermals we're talking about are between 12 - 17.5 degree FOV. a 5 degree difference is between 30% - 40% difference, which is extremely significant.
 
What about NETD numbers. For instance, the Pulsar Telos XP50 vs XL50, the XP has a NETD <18mk and the XL with higher resolution has a wider FOV but has a NETD of <40 mk. Is there a significant difference when out in everyday weather conditions. Not everyday is it low humidity, dry conditions. The videos I've seen had the XP50 picking up more on higher humidity days. Maybe it's nothing to worry about since I see Nick's XP28 is 60 mk.
 
I wasn’t trying to minimize the amount of difference. I was just thinking in terms of practicality.

From my perspective, a more narrow field of view is a big benefit when it comes to identifying exactly what I’m looking at.

For example, a hog versus deer at long distance. But I have that hunting mindset ingrained in my head.

Friend of mine has a rooftop scanner that works just like mine and uses the exact same camera except his camera has a 25° field of view lens versus mine which has a 32°

The only “practical” difference between the two is that it takes us just a second or two longer to scan the same area with his camera than it does mine due to a slightly narrower field of view.

That was the only reason why I said it may not be a big deal.

I was thinking that if you’re going to scan a wood line with either set of binoculars looking for an owl and if you pan back-and-forth a couple times, you’re going to spot it with either binocular. Especially after you have a little experience under your belt on being able to spot things quickly.

Sometimes heat signatures don’t jump off the page at you when they’re in a busy background. Especially during the daytime when the effects of the sun raises the temperature of the surroundings. Pulsar with its industrial grade sensitivity does a great job of handling minute differences in temperature. My FLIR consumer grade equipment, not so much.

I personally would rather have the better resolving power of more magnification to a better identify what I’m looking at. But my usage needs for my thermal equipment is different then what might be asked for here.

Edit: regarding those sensitivity numbers.

Yes, the better the sensitivity numbers that you’re willing to pay for the better response you should expect.

I don’t think FLIR ever published their sensitivity numbers on the sensors that go into their consumer grade products.

I can just tell you from firsthand experience that two of my FLIR units both are lacking compared to Pulsar or BAE.


Some of this could be in the software algorithm that processes the image. But I believe more of this is a function of the sensor sensitivity.

I have an older Pulsar that has a 50 MK sensor, and a newer one that I believe has a 25 MK sensor, but I would have to double check.

I’ve never compared them side-by-side at the same time, but I just know from experience that the newer scope finds targets better than the older scope.
 
What about NETD numbers. For instance, the Pulsar Telos XP50 vs XL50, the XP has a NETD <18mk and the XL with higher resolution has a wider FOV but has a NETD of <40 mk. Is there a significant difference when out in everyday weather conditions. Not everyday is it low humidity, dry conditions. The videos I've seen had the XP50 picking up more on higher humidity days. Maybe it's nothing to worry about since I see Nick's XP28 is 60 mk.

NETD is the #2 most important in my view. My daily driver is 60mK and obviously I have no issues in any of my use.

The <40 and <20 are just that much better, icing on the cake.

Between the XP50 and XL50, for birding - the XL50 wins hands down. Wider FOV and better resolution, at the cost of slightly worse NETD.

I'm in a lot of hunting groups with guys using these, and it seems split about 50/50 on whether the value of the lower NETD of the XP50 is worth it over the higher resolution of the XL50. I say no, others say yes. YMMV.

I wasn’t trying to minimize the amount of difference. I was just thinking in terms of practicality.

From my perspective, a more narrow field of view is a big benefit when it comes to identifying exactly what I’m looking at.

For example, a hog versus deer at long distance. But I have that hunting mindset ingrained in my head.

Friend of mine has a rooftop scanner that works just like mine and uses the exact same camera except his camera has a 25° field of view lens versus mine which has a 32°

The only “practical” difference between the two is that it takes us just a second or two longer to scan the same area with his camera than it does mine due to a slightly narrower field of view.

That was the only reason why I said it may not be a big deal.

I was thinking that if you’re going to scan a wood line with either set of binoculars looking for an owl and if you pan back-and-forth a couple times, you’re going to spot it with either binocular. Especially after you have a little experience under your belt on being able to spot things quickly.

Sometimes heat signatures don’t jump off the page at you when they’re in a busy background. Especially during the daytime when the effects of the sun raises the temperature of the surroundings. Pulsar with its industrial grade sensitivity does a great job of handling minute differences in temperature. My FLIR consumer grade equipment, not so much.

I personally would rather have the better resolving power of more magnification to a better identify what I’m looking at. But my usage needs for my thermal equipment is different then what might be asked for here.

Edit: regarding those sensitivity numbers.

Yes, the better the sensitivity numbers that you’re willing to pay for the better response you should expect.

I don’t think FLIR ever published their sensitivity numbers on the sensors that go into their consumer grade products.

I can just tell you from firsthand experience that two of my FLIR units both are lacking compared to Pulsar or BAE.


Some of this could be in the software algorithm that processes the image. But I believe more of this is a function of the sensor sensitivity.

I have an older Pulsar that has a 50 MK sensor, and a newer one that I believe has a 25 MK sensor, but I would have to double check.

I’ve never compared them side-by-side at the same time, but I just know from experience that the newer scope finds targets better than the older scope.

With the current thermal tech available to consumers, you're never going to be able to accurately ID something based on shape/size alone. You need to know behavior, or bring up night vision or daytime binos. As the saying goes "thermal is for detection, night vision is for identification". Swap night vision for binoculars in our case.

People who think a tighter FOV will help identify a dog vs a coyote are usually the same people who end up shooting their neighbor's dog lol. Yes it happens, and it happens a lot more than people realize.

My assumption on this forum, is that most of us are using thermals for birds, not larger mammals. So at that point - we're really just looking for hot spots anywhere, and then you're going to need binos or your lens to ID with success. For every 1 owl I found in the bog, I found about 12 red squirrels, grouse, or snowshoe hares. They all look extremely similar, regardless of FOV.

My first year at the bog I used the narrow FOV XP50, my second year I used the wide FOV XP28. There was no difference in my ability to ID or differentiate subjects. The only difference came from the FOV and being able scan a wider area at a time. With the XP28 I can (in portrait mode) get the ground, all the way up to the tree tops. With the XP50 I could only get about half of that. As a result, I would have to do twice (or more) work to find the same subjects.
 
Ok Nick, If I go with a monocular it will be the Telos XL50, and if I go with a Binocular it would be the Merger LRF XT50. I'm going with the higher sensor thermals. I realize the price difference is huge. That begs the question, is it worth it? I have to admit I don't really understand how the binoculars actually work, lol. The lenses look different, one looks like a thermal lens and the other, I'm not to sure, lol. Sorry, thermal is an enigma to me. The one thing I would like to try and watch would be night time flock fly overs if that's possible with either of these. On a clear night would stars compromise this?
 
Ok Nick, If I go with a monocular it will be the Telos XL50, and if I go with a Binocular it would be the Merger LRF XT50. I'm going with the higher sensor thermals. I realize the price difference is huge. That begs the question, is it worth it? I have to admit I don't really understand how the binoculars actually work, lol. The lenses look different, one looks like a thermal lens and the other, I'm not to sure, lol. Sorry, thermal is an enigma to me. The one thing I would like to try and watch would be night time flock fly overs if that's possible with either of these. On a clear night would stars compromise this?

I've never had a chance to use a thermal bino, so take my opinion with a grain of salt and do plenty of research. Those are both extremely pricey options - far more than I'm willing to pay.

My understanding is that the binoculars are not really "binos". They are monoculars that project the image to a separate eye piece. So you don't get any increased depth perception or anything like that. The visuals differences you are seeing are because one lens is the "monocular" and the other lens is the "LRF" (laser range finder).

the binos are supposed to reduce strain on your eyes, and be good for long viewing sessions in stationary positioning. I think they would work well for observing night time flock fly overs, though if you are wanting to ID the flocks - you'd want night vision instead.

I cannot imagine that stars would compromise it, but I guess I've never pointed a thermal straight up at night before.
 
Thank you Nick, your information has been extremely valuable. Between you and Wildflower I have at least decided to go with the higher res sensor. The only decision left is weather i want a monocular or a bi-ocular ( AKA binocular as Pulsar calls it). I would only consider the Bi-ocular for less eye strain, or a better bigger image. I don’t need the LRF for birding.
 
Thermals are new to me. After researching, I found numerous models of ATN monocular that fit the criteria and features discussed here. Depending on the features most look like they are competitive and some are a little higher priced. Are there any opinions on the ATN brand?

 
Thermals are new to me. After researching, I found numerous models of ATN monocular that fit the criteria and features discussed here. Depending on the features most look like they are competitive and some are a little higher priced. Are there any opinions on the ATN brand?


I have not tried any of the ATN stuff, but they have the worst reputation among hunters from what I can see. If you go into any of the thermal groups and search ATN, or ATN meme.. you'll see.

Content warning below since I know many wildlife photographers don't like hunters.

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Many people dislike ATN (American Technologies Network) primarily due to widespread complaints about poor customer service, inconsistent product quality, frequent malfunctions with their night vision and thermal scopes, and issues with warranty claims not being properly addressed when problems arise, leading to a perception of unreliable products compared to other brands in the market.

Key reasons for the negative reputation:
  • Quality control issues:
    Users often report experiencing glitches, screen blanking, rangefinder inaccuracies, battery problems, and inconsistent performance with ATN scopes, even with newer models.

  • Customer service complaints:
    Many users criticize ATN's customer service for being unresponsive, difficult to reach, and not adequately addressing warranty claims when issues occur.

  • Software problems:
    Some ATN products are criticized for buggy firmware, with features not working as advertised or updates causing further issues.

  • Price vs. performance:
    While ATN products might be considered relatively affordable, many users feel the price doesn't match the quality and reliability compared to other brands like Pulsar. "
 
I have not tried any of the ATN stuff, but they have the worst reputation among hunters from what I can see. If you go into any of the thermal groups and search ATN, or ATN meme.. you'll see.

Content warning below since I know many wildlife photographers don't like hunters.

View attachment 107139

View attachment 107140

Many people dislike ATN (American Technologies Network) primarily due to widespread complaints about poor customer service, inconsistent product quality, frequent malfunctions with their night vision and thermal scopes, and issues with warranty claims not being properly addressed when problems arise, leading to a perception of unreliable products compared to other brands in the market.

Key reasons for the negative reputation:
  • Quality control issues:
    Users often report experiencing glitches, screen blanking, rangefinder inaccuracies, battery problems, and inconsistent performance with ATN scopes, even with newer models.

  • Customer service complaints:
    Many users criticize ATN's customer service for being unresponsive, difficult to reach, and not adequately addressing warranty claims when issues occur.

  • Software problems:
    Some ATN products are criticized for buggy firmware, with features not working as advertised or updates causing further issues.

  • Price vs. performance:
    While ATN products might be considered relatively affordable, many users feel the price doesn't match the quality and reliability compared to other brands like Pulsar. "
Understood. Thanks for the response.
 
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